Hot temps, high humidity, and long exposure combined with personal factors like fitness, acclimatisation, and medical conditions, can all lead to progressive phases of heat illness.

Sun Burns

Worsen heat illness because the skin can’t thermoregulate. Can actually cause hyperthermia!

Severity is based on:

• % of the body affected
• Degree of burn

Palm is approx 1%

10% burn is a concern!

Degrees of Burn:
1° – Epidermis
2° – Dermis
3° – Fat & Muscle

Treat like any burn:

• Stop further burning
• Cool rapidly (20 min running water)
• Dress 2° & 3° with non-stick loose gauze
• Cover up with clothing

No aloe or lotions until a cold & a long rest!

Heat Cramps

Symptoms:

• Muscle cramps
• Fainting / Dizziness
• Vomiting / Nausea
• Increased pulse rate
• Sweating

Treatment:

• Electrolytes!
• Rest in shade
• Stretching

What Next?

Able to continue once symptoms resolve. Take it easy!

Heat Exhaustion

Symptoms:

Everything above PLUS:

• Increased respiratory rate
• Increased body temp
• Decreased urine output
• Pale / clammy skin

Treatment:

Everything above PLUS:

• Rapid cooling!
  • Lie down in a stream or lake
  • Wet clothing & fanning

What Next?

Consider changing route plan to be easier, shorter, or less exposed. Avoid travel in peak heat of the day.

Heat Stroke

Symptoms:

Everything above PLUS:

• Increased 40°C body temp
• Hot, dry skin
• Not sweating
• Fixed, dilated pupils
• Change in responsiveness
• Possible seizures

Treatment:

Everything above PLUS:

• Aggressive cooling
• Recovery position to maintain airway

What Next?

Immediate evacuation. Minimize patient exertion in evacuation plan.